Wednesday, March 18, 2015
POOR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF KIDS IS DUE TO LESSER PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES RESEARCHERS
Washington: A latest study has revealed that lack in physical activity results in poor academic performance of children.
In a novel study, researchers have declared that diminished physical activity among children lead to poor scholarly progress. While physical activity in schools has reduced to a limited extent because of increasing stress on pupil’s academic performance. Researchers have said that diminished bodily activity was really identified with diminished educational performance. As indicated by research presented in Monographs, physically dynamic youngsters are inclined to beat their dormant associates in the classroom and on tests of success. At the point, when contrasted with their less fit companions, the individuals who take part in more physical doings have bigger mind volumes in the basal gangliaand hippocampus, regions concerned with cognitive control and memory. Cognitive control refers to the control of conduct and manner, thought and decision making. Physically dynamic kids likewise have increased attentiveness when contrasted with their less dynamic companions.
In a novel study, researchers have declared that diminished physical activity among children lead to poor scholarly progress. While physical activity in schools has reduced to a limited extent because of increasing stress on pupil’s academic performance. Researchers have said that diminished bodily activity was really identified with diminished educational performance. As indicated by research presented in Monographs, physically dynamic youngsters are inclined to beat their dormant associates in the classroom and on tests of success. At the point, when contrasted with their less fit companions, the individuals who take part in more physical doings have bigger mind volumes in the basal gangliaand hippocampus, regions concerned with cognitive control and memory. Cognitive control refers to the control of conduct and manner, thought and decision making. Physically dynamic kids likewise have increased attentiveness when contrasted with their less dynamic companions.
The creators of the study said that proper health and fitness was associated with the ability to repress attention to competing stimuli amid an errand, a capacity that can help youngsters stay centered and persist to finish a task. The finding on attention includes youngsters with special needs and also typical developing kids. The researchers, furthermore, reported on physical activity as a non-pharmaceutical intervention for youngsters with attention deficiency/hyperactivity disorder and kids with autism spectrum disorder, with positive results. Lead creator of the study Dr. Charles Hillman at the University of Illinois said that the results point towards the fact that physical activity is very vital for strengthening children’s brain health.
It was paramount for state governments and school managers to address and advance physical doings in the school setting, which kids invest much of their time.
This research was published by over 20 scientists in Monographs.
THE DISCOVERERS CHEMISTRY BASICS
Eugen Goldstein - In 1886,he discovered radiations from a gas discharge tube and called them canal rays, which were later discovered as protons.
Joseph John Thomson - In 1897, he discovered electrons.
Ernest Rutherford - He discovered protons in 1911.
James Chadwick - He discovered neutrons in 1932.
THIS POST IS JUST LIKE A PRE-ANNOUNCEMENT OF A BIGGER,DETAILED POST ON THE BASICS OF FUNDAMENTAL PARTS OF AN ATOM AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS. GOING TO BRING IT OUT SOON. HOPE THE INFORMATION AND PICTURES HELP. THANK YOU.
Grey Killer
Spring is a rollercoaster ride of hope and despair for gardeners, as tender new seedlings run the gauntlet of frosts, pests and diseases. This fungus, grey mould Botrytis cinerea, is one of the worst killers of plants grown in poorly ventilated, cold clammy greenhouses. Initially, it usually colonies dead or damaged plant tissue like last seasons leaves or stems ....
... producing a furry coating for spore clusters on short aerial hyphae.
The fungus can produce these clusters of spores, known as conidiospores, in vast numbers, and at higher magnification you can see...
... that each hyphae is branched at the tip. You can also see the cross-walls in the hyphae that indicate that this is an ascomycete fungus
At high magnification the tip of the hypha can be seen to branch, with clusters of spores at the end of every branch....
... that are dispersed on the breeze as a grey cloud when infected plants are disturbed. Grey mould is a major killer of plants but paradoxically it does have its uses. Grapes that are infected with noble rot - as the fungus is known in viticultural circles, produce a much more intense flavour, as the fungus withdraws water from the grape and concentrates the flavour..... a property thats exploited in the production of sauternes dessert wine.
BHOJANA PRIYA
BHOJANA PRIYA
1. Late CP Rama swamy iyer.
What I have read from books is Late CP Ramaswamy iyer was an efficient divan of Travancore, a proud person, but once he has to leave the land with out telling any body from Kerala. The circumstances may be forcing it; there would have been aides for him, still, if he was Bahujana priya, do this would have necessitated?
2. Nampoothiri Diwan.
I have read from nampoothri.com there was a Diwan nampoothiri, but he too was forced to leave his position (Bahishkaram) by the king due to his extreme corruption and unpopularity.
3. Poonthanam and Melpathur.
Every body know the aakshepam of Melapathur about Poonthanam that he has no Vyulpathi for Sanskrit and the story of "Padnmanabho maraprabho". Melapathur the big scholar had no broad mind ness to read the script of Poonthanam.
4. Parasurama story.
It is told Parasurama brought, Brahmins from North to Keralam after he received it from Sea God Varuna. But the Brahmins returned back telling the places are not suited for inhabitation. Then Parasurama prayed to Anantha to purify the land taking out salt from the land. This is said to be the origin of Serpent caves in Kerala. Later after the land became fertile, the nampoothiries again returned and Parasurama settled them in 64 gramams. My points Brahmins never stayed for a solution but returned
5. Kozhikkode samoothiri.
Persons read Kerala history may be knowing about the fight between nampoothiries and samoothiries for power in Kozhikkode and related stories and mamankam.
6. Chanakya.
No body could equal Chanakya as we read Indian history of Chandra guptha mourya period. But Chanakya was a terror to many than liking his qualities. He was said to be a man of Vengeance. (Chanakya sapatham)
7. Kanchi periayaval
He is considered as an incarnation of Lord Siva, respected by all. He is quoted as an authority. But still murmurings were there when he did not favour seeing widows with out wearing 18-muzham pudavai.
8. EMS Nampoothirippad.
EMS Nampoothirippad was a most popular chief minister. He was king with our crown in the party. He was such a broad minded man he gave his illam and all landed properties in Perinthalmanna his native, for communist party. He came out of illam bare handed.
Irrespective of politics many liked him and cherish his memories. I recollect my father was taken for his cooking when he came around our areas many times, though he specially did not express any thing like that. People understood him.
But still in his last years he had opposition with in party which lead to communist party split etc.
9. Lal Bahadoor sasthri
Our Prime minister once, the small man, I have not heard anything adverse. He was liked by all for his simplicity. Recently I read for using the government vehicle in an occasion by his son, he called the travel details and remitted the money.
10. Jawaharlal Nehru
Our first Prime minister, the Kashmiri Brahmin, but for him and the five year plans he proposed, the agriculture, industrial development would not have been in India.
Children always liked the chacha Nehru.
11. Rajaji
C R Rajagopalachari, the first governor general and the man behind Indian constitution, and the story letter, finally he had to come out of congress and from his own Swathanthra party. The party ended with him.
I have specifically selected yester year people and not current year since the aim is only to appropriate "Bhojana priya" and Bahujana priya. So in the above reference out of 11 just three only make Bahujana priya – Lal Bahadur, Nehru, and Periyava.
I have said it is a self study because, many things for popularity of others may be there not known to me and the persons I mentioned Bahujana, popularity need not be there much.
12. Adukkala Nampoothiries.
In Vaikkam temple I have heard it is Nampoothiries who make prathal, and there is a section of Nampoothiries themselves called Adukkala Namoothiries. They concentrate on cooking works (ref Nampoothiri.com)
13. Tulu Brahmins
In Kerala Tulu Brahmins mostly concentrate at Kadaikkal or having head quarters at Kadaikkal. They are called potties. They too go for Dehannam- mass cooking with royal families and Brahmins.
In Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Kerala the udupi hotels are liked by all for good vegetarian food comparing to other hotels. The udupi hotel at Madras Egmore was very famous on those days. I used to go to Udupi hotel in Thambuchetty street on those days specially for the bolly and Thair vadai prepared.
14. Kerala Iyer
I have heard most of the iyer settlement in Trivandrum is the Brahmins brought by royal people for feeding during Murajapam and daily sadya in Padmanabha swamy temple. There are many families even to day survive with Sri Padmanabha swamys kaikariams.
15. Brahmin hotels and vegetarian hotels.
If there is a vegetarian and Brahmin hotels side by side, all Hindus will prefer iyer hotel to vegetarian hotels. They may even be non-vegetarians. All likes the food prepared by Brahmins. I know at Pandalam Junction there was an SK Lodge. Once opened it became the most famous hotel of Pandalam and all wanted Tiffin and meals from there. The hotel got closed after a case of vacation of premises.
16. Quality, Quantity and mixing
While preparing food, Brahmins have been experts in preparing by using proper quality, quantity and proper mixing to make more taste. Probably this would have been because, they had more time to devote to preparing tasteful food than others. They could make varieties of food.
17. Iyengar Puliotharai etc.
Every body can make Puliotharai, but iyengar pulyotharai and rasam are special. Similarly Thulu Potti sambar. The gangoora chatni, Parippupodi made by Andhra Brahmins and Andhra appalam are special.
18. Taste buds.
Though every body is having taste buds, it found and relished Brahmin preparation to others when there is an occasion. Even Nair families in Kerala call Brahmins to supervise the cooking over all. Just like "Nokku kooli" he is paid for it. They preferred the supervision of an iyer because; it increased the taste of preparations.
In fact in my boyhood days, one of my primmer was cooking in a palace and my father was specially called by palace people for special preparations.
I do recollect waiting for aviyal and kalan and payasam brought by my father after finishing cooking for their functions. My mother used to prepare rice only on such occasions.
19. Brahmano bhojana priya.
While others like food for controlling their Hungry, Brahmin relishes them FOR TASTE ALSO IN ADDITION. Not only on those days, even today, after a taste full sadya prepared by Brahmins, the satisfaction in the face of Brahmins is special.
After a good meal we will be happier. Probably this may be the secret for our women folk make special meals for getting costly things from husbands and elders…
What I personally feel even a serious problem could be solved in a better manner by an iyer after an excellent meal. The happy mood will trim the brain for better solutions. (The PROBLEM SHOULD OCCUR AFTER MEALS AND NOT BEFORE. If before, the brain with draw taste buds and we will not understand what we eat. It becomes something mechanically done. It is just like when a severe pain occurs in an area, existing smaller pain disappear. )
1. Late CP Rama swamy iyer.
What I have read from books is Late CP Ramaswamy iyer was an efficient divan of Travancore, a proud person, but once he has to leave the land with out telling any body from Kerala. The circumstances may be forcing it; there would have been aides for him, still, if he was Bahujana priya, do this would have necessitated?
2. Nampoothiri Diwan.
I have read from nampoothri.com there was a Diwan nampoothiri, but he too was forced to leave his position (Bahishkaram) by the king due to his extreme corruption and unpopularity.
3. Poonthanam and Melpathur.
Every body know the aakshepam of Melapathur about Poonthanam that he has no Vyulpathi for Sanskrit and the story of "Padnmanabho maraprabho". Melapathur the big scholar had no broad mind ness to read the script of Poonthanam.
4. Parasurama story.
It is told Parasurama brought, Brahmins from North to Keralam after he received it from Sea God Varuna. But the Brahmins returned back telling the places are not suited for inhabitation. Then Parasurama prayed to Anantha to purify the land taking out salt from the land. This is said to be the origin of Serpent caves in Kerala. Later after the land became fertile, the nampoothiries again returned and Parasurama settled them in 64 gramams. My points Brahmins never stayed for a solution but returned
5. Kozhikkode samoothiri.
Persons read Kerala history may be knowing about the fight between nampoothiries and samoothiries for power in Kozhikkode and related stories and mamankam.
6. Chanakya.
No body could equal Chanakya as we read Indian history of Chandra guptha mourya period. But Chanakya was a terror to many than liking his qualities. He was said to be a man of Vengeance. (Chanakya sapatham)
7. Kanchi periayaval
He is considered as an incarnation of Lord Siva, respected by all. He is quoted as an authority. But still murmurings were there when he did not favour seeing widows with out wearing 18-muzham pudavai.
8. EMS Nampoothirippad.
EMS Nampoothirippad was a most popular chief minister. He was king with our crown in the party. He was such a broad minded man he gave his illam and all landed properties in Perinthalmanna his native, for communist party. He came out of illam bare handed.
Irrespective of politics many liked him and cherish his memories. I recollect my father was taken for his cooking when he came around our areas many times, though he specially did not express any thing like that. People understood him.
But still in his last years he had opposition with in party which lead to communist party split etc.
9. Lal Bahadoor sasthri
Our Prime minister once, the small man, I have not heard anything adverse. He was liked by all for his simplicity. Recently I read for using the government vehicle in an occasion by his son, he called the travel details and remitted the money.
10. Jawaharlal Nehru
Our first Prime minister, the Kashmiri Brahmin, but for him and the five year plans he proposed, the agriculture, industrial development would not have been in India.
Children always liked the chacha Nehru.
11. Rajaji
C R Rajagopalachari, the first governor general and the man behind Indian constitution, and the story letter, finally he had to come out of congress and from his own Swathanthra party. The party ended with him.
I have specifically selected yester year people and not current year since the aim is only to appropriate "Bhojana priya" and Bahujana priya. So in the above reference out of 11 just three only make Bahujana priya – Lal Bahadur, Nehru, and Periyava.
I have said it is a self study because, many things for popularity of others may be there not known to me and the persons I mentioned Bahujana, popularity need not be there much.
12. Adukkala Nampoothiries.
In Vaikkam temple I have heard it is Nampoothiries who make prathal, and there is a section of Nampoothiries themselves called Adukkala Namoothiries. They concentrate on cooking works (ref Nampoothiri.com)
13. Tulu Brahmins
In Kerala Tulu Brahmins mostly concentrate at Kadaikkal or having head quarters at Kadaikkal. They are called potties. They too go for Dehannam- mass cooking with royal families and Brahmins.
In Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Kerala the udupi hotels are liked by all for good vegetarian food comparing to other hotels. The udupi hotel at Madras Egmore was very famous on those days. I used to go to Udupi hotel in Thambuchetty street on those days specially for the bolly and Thair vadai prepared.
14. Kerala Iyer
I have heard most of the iyer settlement in Trivandrum is the Brahmins brought by royal people for feeding during Murajapam and daily sadya in Padmanabha swamy temple. There are many families even to day survive with Sri Padmanabha swamys kaikariams.
15. Brahmin hotels and vegetarian hotels.
If there is a vegetarian and Brahmin hotels side by side, all Hindus will prefer iyer hotel to vegetarian hotels. They may even be non-vegetarians. All likes the food prepared by Brahmins. I know at Pandalam Junction there was an SK Lodge. Once opened it became the most famous hotel of Pandalam and all wanted Tiffin and meals from there. The hotel got closed after a case of vacation of premises.
16. Quality, Quantity and mixing
While preparing food, Brahmins have been experts in preparing by using proper quality, quantity and proper mixing to make more taste. Probably this would have been because, they had more time to devote to preparing tasteful food than others. They could make varieties of food.
17. Iyengar Puliotharai etc.
Every body can make Puliotharai, but iyengar pulyotharai and rasam are special. Similarly Thulu Potti sambar. The gangoora chatni, Parippupodi made by Andhra Brahmins and Andhra appalam are special.
18. Taste buds.
Though every body is having taste buds, it found and relished Brahmin preparation to others when there is an occasion. Even Nair families in Kerala call Brahmins to supervise the cooking over all. Just like "Nokku kooli" he is paid for it. They preferred the supervision of an iyer because; it increased the taste of preparations.
In fact in my boyhood days, one of my primmer was cooking in a palace and my father was specially called by palace people for special preparations.
I do recollect waiting for aviyal and kalan and payasam brought by my father after finishing cooking for their functions. My mother used to prepare rice only on such occasions.
19. Brahmano bhojana priya.
While others like food for controlling their Hungry, Brahmin relishes them FOR TASTE ALSO IN ADDITION. Not only on those days, even today, after a taste full sadya prepared by Brahmins, the satisfaction in the face of Brahmins is special.
After a good meal we will be happier. Probably this may be the secret for our women folk make special meals for getting costly things from husbands and elders…
What I personally feel even a serious problem could be solved in a better manner by an iyer after an excellent meal. The happy mood will trim the brain for better solutions. (The PROBLEM SHOULD OCCUR AFTER MEALS AND NOT BEFORE. If before, the brain with draw taste buds and we will not understand what we eat. It becomes something mechanically done. It is just like when a severe pain occurs in an area, existing smaller pain disappear. )
Juvenile flat periwinkles
These are juvenile flat periwinkles (Littorina obtusata) developing in a blob of jelly on the surface of a seaweed. Each animal, developing inside its translucent, delicate, helical shell, is about half a millimetre in diameter at this stage. When it hatches from the jelly this marine snail will eventually reach a diameter of about one and half centimetres.
How to Make a Boomerang Out of Wood and How to Throw a Boomerang
A boomerang can be made of a piece of well seasoned hickory plank.
The plank is well steamed in a wash boiler or other large kettle and then bent to a nice curve, as shown in Fig. 1.
It is held in this curve until dry, with two pieces nailed on the sides as shown.
After the piece is thoroughly dried out, remove the side pieces and cut it into sections with a saw, as shown in Fig. 2.
The pieces are then dressed round.
A piece of plank 12 in. wide and 2 ft. long will make six boomerangs.
Practice first at some object about 25 ft. distant, and in a short time the thrower will be able to hit the mark over 100 ft. away.
Any worker in wood can turn out a great number of boomerangs cheaply.
Excerpt from the book:
THE BOY MECHANIC
VOLUME I
1913, BY H. H. WINDSOR CHICAGO
POPULAR MECHANICS CO. PUBLISHERS
Read more »
The plank is well steamed in a wash boiler or other large kettle and then bent to a nice curve, as shown in Fig. 1.
It is held in this curve until dry, with two pieces nailed on the sides as shown.
After the piece is thoroughly dried out, remove the side pieces and cut it into sections with a saw, as shown in Fig. 2.
The pieces are then dressed round.
A piece of plank 12 in. wide and 2 ft. long will make six boomerangs.
How to throw a boomerang
To throw a boomerang, grasp it and hold the same as a club, with the hollow side away from you.Practice first at some object about 25 ft. distant, and in a short time the thrower will be able to hit the mark over 100 ft. away.
Any worker in wood can turn out a great number of boomerangs cheaply.
Excerpt from the book:
THE BOY MECHANIC
VOLUME I
1913, BY H. H. WINDSOR CHICAGO
POPULAR MECHANICS CO. PUBLISHERS
Cerebrum definition What does the cerebrum do
Cerebrum, or forebrain, is the largest part of the brain, composing about 70 percent of that organ.
Cerebrum is situated beneath the roof of the skull and consists of two hemispheres that are separated lengthwise by a layered division. The outer layer of each hemisphere is the cerebral cortex, the section of the brain sometimes referred to as “gray matter.”
Within the cerebral hemisphere is white matter consisting of three kinds of fibers that connect the hemispheres, convey impulses to and from the cortex and the spinal cord, and connect different areas of the cortex with each other.
Read more »
Cerebrum is situated beneath the roof of the skull and consists of two hemispheres that are separated lengthwise by a layered division. The outer layer of each hemisphere is the cerebral cortex, the section of the brain sometimes referred to as “gray matter.”
Within the cerebral hemisphere is white matter consisting of three kinds of fibers that connect the hemispheres, convey impulses to and from the cortex and the spinal cord, and connect different areas of the cortex with each other.
What does the cerebrum do?
The cerebrum performs a variety of tasks, including controlling the sensory and voluntary motor functions, as well as such higher processes as thought and memory.Money And Credit Class X Standard Full Explanation
We will start with an extremely simple question : Why is money necessary? Perhaps you know the answer. For buying goods. For fulfilling the requirements in life. You are right. That is exactly the answer.But we can go a little deeper and answer like this instead - Money acts as an intermediate in the exchange process of goods or commodities and this is the exact reason why it is termed as a medium of exchange.
More specifically,this is a proper definition of money - Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a particular country or socio-economic context.
More specifically,this is a proper definition of money - Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a particular country or socio-economic context.
Euro (Coins and Paper Notes,the modern form of money)
Now,let us ask an even more interesting question,what if we did not have money? If we would have needed wheat,then we could go to the wheat seller and ask him for wheat and at the same time pay him with a bunch of bananas or apples.Now,my question is how long would it take you to find out a wheat seller who was ready to give you wheat in exchange of bananas or apples?Time consuming task,isnt it?What if you needed shoes and there is no shoe-seller to sell you shoes in exchange of fruits?Would you leave the country to buy shoes?It is very easy to come to a conclusion from such hypothetical or paradoxical contexts.We need something that would satisfy both the buyer and seller without the existence of double coincidence of wants.
Double coincidence of wants refers to exactly what happened in the above two examples of exchange of fruits with the wheat seller and shoe seller.
Modern Forms Of Money
There are seven basic types or forms of money including : Representative,Fiat,Coinage,Electrical/Digital,Commodity,Paper and Commercial.
However,in the Class X Standard,variants of money have not been explained.There are only two variants of currency denoted : coins and paper notes. (Note : Do not confuse between Money and Currency as absolute synonyms.Currency is used as the synonym in certain circumstances but currency actually refers to money circulated in the form of physical objects.)
Now.the big question is the modern form of money is totally worthless on its own.All printed up and down with unimpressive fonts,it wont even come of use to a five year olds artistic approach.Frustrating.Then what could be the reason of these objects being accepted as money?This is because this is authorised by the government of the country.In India,The Reserve Bank of India issues currency notes on behalf of the central government.As per Indian Law,no other individual or organisation is allowed to issue currency.Moreover,the law legalises the use of rupee as a medium of payment that cannot be refused in settling transactions in India.No individual in India can legally refuse a payment made in Rupees.Hence the rupee is widely accepted as a medium of exchange.
Coins from the times of Queen Victoria
As for why it is paper notes and brass and ferritic stainless steel made coins instead of gold,silver and copper?Actually,the shift to paper money in Europe increased the amount of international trade that could occur. Banks and the ruling classes started buying currencies from other nations and created the first currency market. The stability of a particular monarchy or government affected the value of the countrys currency and the ability for that country to trade on an increasingly international market. In simple words,this helps in gaining autonomy towards earning profits in the international markets.
A blank cheque from State Bank of India
The other form in which people hold money are as deposits in banks.The banks always maintain the interest rates to be higher on what they charge on those who take loans to the interest rate they offer on the money deposited by the depositors.This is the main income source of the bank.The bank also keeps a little percentage of money is kept as liquid money (15% in case of India).Sine these deposits can be withdrawn on demand,these deposits are called demand deposits.
Cheques are an interesting facility offered by demand deposits and they instruct the bank to pay a specific amount from a particular persons account to another persons account,to whose name the cheque has been issued. Cheques allow settling of payments without the use of cash.Since cheques also consist of all the essential features of money,they constitute money in the modern economy.
CREDIT
What is Credit?
Credit (loan) refers to an agreement in which the lender supplies the borrower with money,goods or services in return for the promise of future payments.
TWO CASES TO SHOW HOW CREDIT CAN AFFECT PEOPLES LIVES
Case I
First of all,we will look at the case of Swapna,a farmer. Swapna is a small farmer who grows groundnut on her three acres of land.She takes a loan from the moneylender to meet the expenses of cultivation,hoping that her harvest would help repay the loan.Midway through the season,the crop is hit by pests and the crop fails.Despite spraying her crops with expensive pesticides,Swapna is unable to earn enough profit,which in turn does not allow her to pay the borrowed amount to the moneylender.Next year,she takes a fresh loan and this year the harvest is good but not enough to earn enough profit as to repay the current years and last years loan together. Swapna has to sell a part of her land to repay the moneylender the loan she took from him.
Credit in this case pushes the borrower into a situation from which recovery is very painful.
Note : Have you noticed one thing here?The loan a poor farmer in a village takes comes from a moneylender,i.e the informal sector.The moneylender must be charging very high rates of interest which instigates the situation to turn into a debt trap.
Case II
It is a festival season two months from now and the shoe manufacturer,Salim,has received an order from a large trader in town for 3,000 pairs of shoes to be delivered in a month time.To complete production on time,Salim has to be delivered in a month time,Salim has to hire a few more workers for stitching and pasting work and purchase the raw materials.To meet his expenses,Salim obtains loans from two sources.First,he asks the leather supplier to supply leather now and promises to pay him later.Second,he obtains loan in cash from the large trader as advance payment for 1000 pairs of shoes with a promise to deliver the whole order by the end of the month.At the end of the month,Salim is able to deliver the order,make a good profit and repay the money that he had borrowed.
Here,credit plays a vital and important role in improving the economic condition of Salim.
TERMS OF CREDIT
Interest rate,collateral and documentation requirement and the mode of repayment together comprise what is known as the terms of credit.
Collateral
Collateral refers to an asset that the borrower owns such as land,building,vehicle,livestocks,deposits with banks and uses this as a guarantee to a lender until the loan is repaid.
That is,if the borrower is unable to repay the loan,the lender has the right to sell the asset or collateral to obtain payment.
Formal Sector And Informal Sector Credit In India
As of 2003,30% of loan is taken from Moneylenders,27% from Cooperative societies,25% from Commercial Banks,7% from Relatives and Friends,7% from Others,3% from Traders and 1% from Landlords. The debt trap that is caused from taking loans from moneylenders and landlords forces many farmers to lead miserable lives and often results in suicidal cases in India.We will try to look into this matter in one of our next ventures on Economics.
The formal sector of credit consists of loans from banks and cooperatives.The informal lenders include moneylenders,traders,employers,relatives and friends etc.
The Reserve Bank of India supervises the functioning of formal sources of loans.For instance,we have seen that the banks in India keep a comparatively low percentage of cash money/liquid money (the % in Indian banks is 15%.)The RBI actually monitors if this is maintained or not.Similarly,the RBI checks so that the bank does not only give loans to profit-making businesses and traders but also to small cultivators,small scale industries,to small borrowers etc.Periodically,banks have to submit information to the RBI on how much they are lending,to whom,at what interest rate etc.
Camenae Camenæ Roman Mythology
The Camenæ were prophetic nymphs held in high veneration by the ancient Italians. They were four in number, the best known of whom are Carmenta and Egeria.
Carmenta was celebrated as being the mother of Evander, who led an Arcadian colony into Italy, and founded a town on the river Tiber, which became afterwards incorporated with the city of Rome. Evander is said to have been the first who introduced Greek art and civilization into Italy, and also the worship of Greek divinities.
A temple was erected to Carmenta on the Capitoline Hill, and a festival, called the Carmentalia, was celebrated in her honour on the 11th of January.
Egeria is said to have initiated Numa Pompilius in the forms of religious worship, which he introduced among his people. She was regarded as the giver of life, and was therefore invoked by women before the birth of their children.
The Camenæ are frequently identified by Roman writers with the Muses.
Text:
Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome
Author: E.M. Berens
Published: 1880
The Project Gutenberg E-Book
Produced by Alicia Williams, Keith Edkins and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
Read more »
Carmenta was celebrated as being the mother of Evander, who led an Arcadian colony into Italy, and founded a town on the river Tiber, which became afterwards incorporated with the city of Rome. Evander is said to have been the first who introduced Greek art and civilization into Italy, and also the worship of Greek divinities.
A temple was erected to Carmenta on the Capitoline Hill, and a festival, called the Carmentalia, was celebrated in her honour on the 11th of January.
Egeria is said to have initiated Numa Pompilius in the forms of religious worship, which he introduced among his people. She was regarded as the giver of life, and was therefore invoked by women before the birth of their children.
The Camenæ are frequently identified by Roman writers with the Muses.
Text:
Myths and Legends of Ancient Greece and Rome
Author: E.M. Berens
Published: 1880
The Project Gutenberg E-Book
Produced by Alicia Williams, Keith Edkins and the Online
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Give Me Strength
This cross section of the stem of a soybean seedling shows the early stages in a developmental process that will produce a stem capable of supporting the mature plant. I stained the section with two fluorescent dyes - calcofluor, which binds to cellulose cell walls and fluorescences blue in ultraviolet light and auramine O, which binds to lignin and fluorescences yellow. Its the lignin laid down in cell walls that gives the stem the strength it will need to support the leaves and flower.
Working from the bottom left-hand corner towards top right, the core of the stem is filled with blue, thin-walled pith cells, which are simply packing tissue. Some of these have become slightly lignified and are fluorescing yellow and some, that are arranged in vertical rows of between two and five cells have distinctly thicker walls - these are xylem vessels, which are dead cells that form tubes that conduct water up the plant from the roots.
Above those lies a broad band of blue-fluorescing thin-walled cells that are very small and arranged like piles of bricks. This is the cambium - the plants stem cells that divide continuously to produce new xylem on the inside and new phloem elements on their outer surface. The small, bright blue-fluorescing cells on the outside of the cambium are the phloem sieve tubes and associated companion cells, which conduct sugars produced by photosynthesis in the leaves to other parts of the plant.
The sinuous layer of yellow-fluorescing cells above the phloem are becoming lignified and these will contribute major structural rigidity to the stem as it grows, forming a continuous cylinder inside the stem. Outside of these lies the stem cortex, with blue cells becoming smaller in the layers just below the epidermis - and then the outer epidermis of the stem is covered in the yellow-fluorescing cuticle, which restricts water loss and defends that plant against pathogens.
At the stage when this section was taken the stem was about 3mm. in diameter and about 10 centimetres tall.
Tuesday, March 17, 2015
Clementine and the Spring Trip
Shes looking forward to the school trip to Plimoth Plantation, but her third grade class is going with the big kids, fourth graders whove enacted tough rules about eating: no sounds allowed...or else. Clementine is also having problems speaking Olive, a language invented by the new girl in class, whose name is--you guessed it--Olive. (If you want to give it a try, put "olive" into every syllable you say. "Likoliv tholivis.")
When the day of the big trip arrives, Clementine is paired with Olive and instructed with the task of making the new girl feel comfortable. When Olive opens her lunch bag and reveals a meal destined to incur the wrath of the fourth graders (celery, chips, apples, carrots, etc.), Clementine has to decide whether to play by the rules or not. On the trip she also befriends a chicken, which leads her to make a major change in her diet.
And thats not all! Clementine is also waiting for the birth of her new sibling and trying to decide if it would be better if the baby was a boy or a girl, while building a five-side table with her father as a surprise for her mother. Then theres Margaret OCD problems to deal with (really, I think its time for an intervention here!) and the mystery of the overpowering odors on Bus Seven to solve.
Pennypacker packs a lot of plot into one chapter book, but she weaves each thread so expertly that the overall effect is seamless. Like Beverly Cleary, Pennypacker is doing an excellent job of showing her characters maturing. Frazees illustrations, as always, are delightful.
Clementine and the Spring Trip
by Sara Pennypacker
illustrations by Marla Frazee
Hyperion Books, 160 pages
Published: 2013
The One and Only Stuey Lewis
Four linked stories tell the story of Stueys year in second grade in which he masters reading, devises an ingenious "Halloween Caper" to haul in extra candy, tries out for "bitty league soccer," and discovers that being nice to a fellow classmate, the annoying Lilly, isnt the end of the world.
Stueys relationships are realistically portrayed. Although his father moved out, the two talk frequently on the phone. His older brother, Anthony, might call his younger brother "Stu-pid"all the time, but hes there to give encouragement at the big soccer game. And Ms. Curtis, the second grade teacher who prefers to be called Ginger, is firmly in Stueys corner as he navigates the demands of second grade.
Jane Schoenbergs first chapter book is a humorous take on the trials and tribulations of second grade and will appeal to young readers graduating to chapter books. The delightful black-and-white illustrations by Cambria Evans compliment the text, emphasizing its humor. A sequel, Stuey Lewis Against All Odds, is due out in spring of 2012.
The One and Only Stuey Lewis
by Jane Schoenberg
illustrations by Cambria Evans
Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 128 pages
Published: July 2011
China Powering Up First Offshore Wind Farm
The nations offshore wind power will equal all existing onshore wind farms by 2020
China is already the worlds largest market for wind power, but its not stopping with the onshore sites.
A 102-megawatt wind farm is slated to hit full power this month in the Yangtze River delta near Shanghai, Technology Review reports. And thats just the beginning, as Chinese officials opened bids on creating three or four more offshore wind power projects that could generate 1,000 megawatts total.
Energy experts predict that China will have invested $100 billion to install 30,000 megawatts of offshore wind power by 2020. Such projects would help supply energy to 40 percent of Chinas population that lives along the eastern seaboard.
The situation is not unlike that of the U.S. eastern seaboard, Technology Review notes. Eastern states hope to generate their own offshore wind power rather than rely upon a supergrid that can deliver wind power from the western states.
But Chinas first offshore wind farm has already begun powering up under the auspices of Chinese turbine producer Sinovel. By contrast, a U.S. company called Cape Wind has been waiting on a federal permit to build a wind farm off Nantucket since getting its state and local permits in 2008. Still, Chinese manufacturers have sometimes struggled with quality assurance, despite helping to supply wind turbines to the U.S. and other nations.
Chinas wind power boom also faces engineering challenges ahead. The new wind farms on the tidal flats require special engineering to deal with the muddy seafloors and shifting sandbars. Deep water projects may also face threats from typhoons.
Theres been other offshore action elsewhere in the world. Nine European nations vowed to create a supergrid for sharing offshore wind power at the Copenhagen climate summit in December 2009. And we have the goods on General Electrics next-gen wind turbine that may capture 25 percent more wind power than
Read more »
China Offshore Wind Power Lets kick the turbines and, um, collect some wind power Sinovel
A 102-megawatt wind farm is slated to hit full power this month in the Yangtze River delta near Shanghai, Technology Review reports. And thats just the beginning, as Chinese officials opened bids on creating three or four more offshore wind power projects that could generate 1,000 megawatts total.
Energy experts predict that China will have invested $100 billion to install 30,000 megawatts of offshore wind power by 2020. Such projects would help supply energy to 40 percent of Chinas population that lives along the eastern seaboard.
The situation is not unlike that of the U.S. eastern seaboard, Technology Review notes. Eastern states hope to generate their own offshore wind power rather than rely upon a supergrid that can deliver wind power from the western states.
But Chinas first offshore wind farm has already begun powering up under the auspices of Chinese turbine producer Sinovel. By contrast, a U.S. company called Cape Wind has been waiting on a federal permit to build a wind farm off Nantucket since getting its state and local permits in 2008. Still, Chinese manufacturers have sometimes struggled with quality assurance, despite helping to supply wind turbines to the U.S. and other nations.
Chinas wind power boom also faces engineering challenges ahead. The new wind farms on the tidal flats require special engineering to deal with the muddy seafloors and shifting sandbars. Deep water projects may also face threats from typhoons.
Theres been other offshore action elsewhere in the world. Nine European nations vowed to create a supergrid for sharing offshore wind power at the Copenhagen climate summit in December 2009. And we have the goods on General Electrics next-gen wind turbine that may capture 25 percent more wind power than
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Twenty Years Ago Today
Theodor Geisel died. Pay tribute to him by rereading your favorite Dr. Seuss book. Mine? The Sneetches.
A Greyhound of a Girl
It turns out the woman is the ghost of her great grandmother, who died suddenly of the flu in 1928. Shes returned to guide her daughter, Emer, whos dying, from this world to the next. To do that she needs Mary and her mother Scarletts help. The four generations of women embark on a journey one night, traveling to revisit the farm where the great grandmother and grandmother once lived.
As in his adult books, Doyle is especially strong on dialog and the three women and one-woman-in-waiting banter in distinctive, colloquial voices. Doyle explores mother-daughter relationships from different viewpoints and astute readers will enjoy seeing how Scarletts struggles for independence are later echoed by Mary. And while the novel pingpongs from present to past, because the characters are so clearly drawn, the reader is never confused. If you like your ghost stories light on scary and full of heartfelt emotion, A Greyhound of a Girl is for you.
A Greyhound of a Girl
by Roddy Doyle
Amulet, 208 pages
Publication: May 2012
Definition of Bacteria
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Definition of Bacteria
Its interesting how bacteria can multiply given a favorable condition. For instance, what happens is that under good growing condition, a new cell wall grows at the center and forms two daughter cells with the same genetic material as the mother cell. Amazingly, in a span of just twenty minutes, the two daughter cells get divided into four. Basically this goes on increasing in a pattern of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and so on.
They are prokaryotic cells and thus they lack membrane bound organelle in the cytoplasm. Generally they contain less intracellular structures and they do not have mitochondria, nucleus, chloroplasts and organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. The contents of their cells are covered by a cell wall which is also the barrier for holding nutrients and proteins.
Though many who doesnt know dismiss bacteria as mere germs, they play important roles in human existence. In fact, decomposition, nitrogen fixation i.e replacing nitrogen in the soil needed by plants for survival and also digestion of food as well as production of vitamins. For instance, products like cheese, yogurt and butter milk rely on it during preparation.
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Up Tall and High!
Using bright, bold colors, strong lines, and sparse text, Ethan Long successfully illustrates these words in a humorous way. Adding to the fun, each of the three stories has a gatefold that opens up or down and that further throws light on the concept. In the second story, for instance, a landlocked penguin bemoans the fact he cant fly. An enterprising bluebird hands him some balloons and off he goes. Lift the flap and our penguin friend is now floating into the sky as he exclaims, "Yes, now I can go very high!"
Beginning readers just starting out on the road to fluency are sure to rejoice in a book that has so much to offer--simple text, boisterous art, interactive flaps, and giggles galore.
Up, Tall and High! (but not necessarily in that order)
by Ethan Long
G.P. Putnams Sons, 40 pages
Published: February 2012
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